Auditing and Assurance Confusion of Market Transactions

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Assurance Confusion of Market Transactions. Answer: Introduction This particular report mainly highlights on various issues that are related to the auditors responsibility, particularly during the period when the global financial crisis took place and affected the whole society. At the time of global financial crisis, it had been found that the financial auditors were incapable to serve rational reassurance to the fiscal declarations of the firm that it was not spoiled. Moreover, they failed to provide rationale reassurance to the organizations regarding the fiscal declarations that it does not contain any material errors. The Auditing Standards of Australia imply that most of the users depend on the firms fiscal statements as the main source of data (William, Glover and Prawitt, 2016). The reason behind this is that the fiscal information users are unable to attain any kind of additional data that are required for meeting the need of any particular information. This report has been prepared for providing information to the Chartered Accounting or ganizations partner i.e. Sally Smith in order to illustrate the liability of the auditors during financial crisis (global) for expanding the entire auditing system. It can also be said that the aim of preparing this report is to scrutinize the impact of the crisis and the fluctuations in the macro economy on the auditors liability within a authoritarian environment. Financial Crisis and Auditors Liability This portion of the report deals with detailed study of global financial crisis and is related to the auditors liability. It has been found that the fiscal volatility comprehends the concept of this crisis. Nonetheless, various troubles were manifested from the side of social, economic and political environment. This period shows duration of disorder, tension and critical testing in society (Redmayne, 2013). Thus, financial crisis took place due to various state of affairs of various financial actions, an alteration and a break that exemplified the stagnation, slowdown and declination in the financial actions. As a result, financial crisis is considered to reflect on the mistrust in the whole monetary system across the world and decline in the prices of the share prices and commodities in the stock exchange. However, as per Eilifsen et al. (2013), this global crisis is considered as an opportunity to repair various factors of monetary system, particularly the shortcomings that lead to monetary downturn. The international institutions and government can beat all the negative impacts of the crisis by guiding the international fiscal reform system accurately. As this helps in maintaining transparency, accurate regulations of market, development of rules regarding securities account and maintenance of integrity among fiscal markets that strengthens the cooperation between monetary institutions across the world. Moreover, the improvement of various monetary firms become more complex due to identification of price and increases the investors risks. Additionally, accurate risk assessment and determination of its origin help in regulation augmentation and administration of economic system. As per ASA 700 i.e. Accounting Standard of Australia, there is a differentiation in Responsibilities of Auditors in Fiscal Declarations and it can be found in Para 37 to 40 ASA 700 (Louwers et al., 2013). Opined to the regulation, an auditors responsibilities include fiscal declaration presentation and he is also responsible for providing compliance statement. The auditors are also liable for addressing financial reporting and other reporting accountabilities like Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements. Therefore, an auditor is responsible for financial declarations and also examines if the regulations of the firm comply with the financial reporting framework. It has been found that the evaluators are responsible for opinion issuance on fiscal declarations of an organization. During auditing, the evaluators are highly responsible for audit engagement and kind of rendered fiscal services. The evaluator also develops various missions for determining fiscal reports along with report structure (Cohen and Simnett, 2014). Additionally, the auditor practices professional skepticism during nature identification, duration and extent of auditing process. Furthermore, evaluation of audit evidences takes place for recognizing whether the fiscal declaration is free of material misstatement or not. Opined to Arens (2016), the auditors are liable for reviewing quality of monetary reporting. Auditing helps in controlling the quality through competition of the audit programs, dating and signing of the documents. Additionally, analysis, synthesis of various balance elements and profit and loss also helps in the process. The auditors are liable for detecting risk that occurs due to fraudulent activities and error and for maintaining internal control. In addition, error detection includes incorrect statistical calculations determination, misinterpretation regarding various factors and misapplication of accounting policies (Grant and Wilson, 2013). Nevertheless, fraudulent activities detection is considered as liability for the evaluators with the aim to determine the thefts of various properties and diversions. Moreover, it helps in omitting various impacts of monetary transactions on fiscal statements and misapplication of various strategies of accounting that usually result into mi sinterpretation of the users regarding economic data. It can also be said that the present financial status is affected adversely through the global crisis of economy as it leads to impact of both regional budgets of government and organizations. During the particular period, the main motivators of growth required to send at home the staff members of various corporations and the facilities of investing also decreased. Therefore, during the global financial crisis, most of the evaluators undertook several challenging works for handling the uncertainty and also the unsteady condition. Consequently, it has been found that the liability of the auditors of most of the organizations is significantly amplified in various financial circumstances (Arens, Elder and Beasley, 2014). Therefore, the auditors of the firms were required to deal with high risk and were presented by complex financial environment or else uncertain environment through the maintenance of continuous affiliation with the customers. Additionally, the connections were maintaine d through communications especially with those who oversight the accountability for fiscal declarations and along with it the communiqu with the management department. Furthermore, the evaluators were required to consider various accounts regarding planning of the strategies of auditing, going concern, understanding the operations of the organization and its environment (Claessens and Van Horen, 2015). It also includes audit of various fair value inventories, superannuation plans, consideration of audits for various fiscal statements, opinions of auditors and reveal of financial reporting. Continuance of the Association of Client It has been found that during the occurrence of financial crisis, the management department for internal controls and segregating the business practices changed the business practices of most of the organizations. Therefore, these can help in imitating the lack of integrity. Moreover, the indications are comprised of certain substances, which result an evaluator to lift questions about the correctness of the engagement of audit (William, Glover and Prawitt, 2016). At this particular situation, the auditors of the firm require to consider all the regulatory and legal compulsions with the aim to withdraw or continue the customer association. Communications with the Individuals having Knowledge about the Procedure of Financial Reporting As per Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen (2016), the organization, equivalent governance and the Board of Directors are considered for various oversight functions of the firm. These are liable for governance that is in line with the listing regulations of ASX that develops audit committee and can play the function critically in the economic reporting. However, this particular role became more serious during global financial crisis. The reason behind this is that it includes overseeing of the established process and the maintenance of internal controls regards reliability of fiscal declarations of various organizational concerns. Moreover, the amplification of global financial crisis results into auditors liability. Thus, the evaluator along with the people of governing units counts the risks that are faced by a specified organization. However, this makes it certain about the committee that considers the account and influences the ore-existing and new risks on oversight of the accountab ility for the processes of fiscal reporting. This process involves reconfirmation with the firms management about the reporting system and internal control system (Grant and Wilson, 2013). Moreover, the organization also faces troubles regarding high liquidity risk and also contains material improbability. As a result, the appraiser is required to appraise the firms capability regarding keeping the organization in a going concern situation. Additionally, the managements judgment should be understood by the auditor for differentiating the illiquid assets value and supporting the varied information. Communication with the governing units and the management The auditors liability calls for requirement of the preservation of standard communication along with the firms governing units. During financial crisis, significance of this is considered as more vital to resolve various problems on a timely basis. Thus, the auditors can be conscious regarding the material weaknesses in the internal control procedure, which should result into development of probable material misstatement in the fiscal declarations. Moreover, the auditors of the firm put spotlight on understanding of the business operations and its external and internal environment (Kunz et al., 2014). Therefore, the auditors require assessing various factors. The auditors liability directs towards the evaluation procedure of the risk that is concerned with the material misstatement in the fiscal declarations that are owned to fraud. In addition to these, the auditors should also determine and respond to various risks that are related to fraudulent activities of business operations a nd this involves specific risks about fraud that are understood by the management department of the firm. Considerations about Going Concern Concept Opined to Barnard et al. (2014), generally the auditors of the organization require using various assumptions of going concern concept accurately in order to prepare several fiscal declarations. In addition to these, the auditors should consider the material uncertainties that are related to the business capability in order to persist as a going concern. Moreover, during global financial crisis, credit availability got reduced and at similar moment illiquidity took place for short run (Cohen and Simnett, 2014). Therefore, this implies that various potential issues might affect the procedure of prolongation of the operation of an organization as a going concern. Planning the Whole Policy of Auditing It has been found that the global financial crisis puts direction towards the requirement for development of strategy particularly for the preparation of economic audit report. An auditors responsibility includes amendments and up gradation of various data that are obtained through auditing. The accounting policy highlights the types and as per that allocate the resources, as these can be used for specific audit zones, materiality and timing of various processes that are included within the process of auditing. Moreover, the auditors should consider the asset impairment computations, measurement of fair value, legal issues about regulations and contracts, tax asset write-downs, fraud risk factors, superannuation fund enumeration and factors that upset the capacity of the enterprises as a going concern (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). Understanding the Business Environment and the Business Entity It is important for the auditors to have perfect understanding regarding the operations of a firm and its environment. They should also focus on particular regions of fiscal declarations in order to identify the material misstatements (Junior, Best and Cotter, 2014). In addition to these, the auditors of an organization should consider various regions of fiscal reporting, particularly those involve the impairments of several recorded asset value, adjustments in accounting, arrangements of debt among many and changes in the total capital of share. Documentation According to the Accounting Standard of Australia that is ASA 230, it can be stated that the auditor of an organization should maintain all the documents (Simnett, Zhou and Hoang, 2016). The reason behind making documentation is that it helps in making the matter certain about an auditor and this include he has an accurate and enough record of data and information regarding the performance of the firm with the aim to sustain the conclusion. Collapse of the Lehman Brother and the Liability of the Auditors It has been found that the collapse of the American Investment Bank i.e. Lehman Brothers leads to the worst global financial crisis at the period of Great Depression. According to the financial experts, it is difficult to forecast the government activities in future. Moreover, they were unable to identify defaults regarding subprime mortgages that were liable for collapse of the firm. It has been found that the particular firm had insufficient liquidity, though it has huge asset base. Therefore, during the period, the other banks started to worry regarding the unsound condition of economy and thus, they shifted to other motive of protecting their interest and also to begin withdrawal of line credits. Moreover, Lehman was entirely exposed to U.S. market of real estate. It has been found that the firm put a huge quantity of $ 60 billion in the commercial market and thus it was counted as huge subprime mortgage (Junior, Best and Cotter, 2014). Therefore, collapse of Lehman is considered as the official triggering of financial downfall as it brought monetary recession in the society. It can be said that this collapse and the recession created a huge shock to both the international and domestic markets and remained as the largest filling of the bankruptcy. The fundamental issues of Lehman Brothers were developed for many years and were not revisited, whereas, the fraudulent activities of fiscal declarations that are incorporated by the organization itself aimed to cover up the key issues apparently. Moreover, it intended to buy time only for the pledge that was neglected and unappreciated by the firms auditor over an enhanced period of time. Thus, it can be said that the collapse of the particular Bank is considered as a vital lesson for the auditors of all organizations. Moreover, this particular incident puts direction towards the auditors liability for scrutinizing the fiscal declarations that are represented by the management department of the firms. Additionall y, an auditors responsibility is to judge a factor regarding the preparation and presentation of the fiscal statements fairly as per the principles of accounting that is the Australian Accounting Standards Board (Arens et al., 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that the auditors of all organizations should prepare new strategies for gathering evidence regarding upholding the myriad fiscal statements of the management and to examine whether these statements have any corrective assertions within the limitations of materiality. Thus, in order to express any opinion, an auditor should scrutinize all the obtainable evidences for concluding and sustaining the material monetary statements. However, it has been found that the professional skepticism is able to drive the auditors judgment regarding the confirmations that are needed to obtain the particular state. Moreover, the accounting principles are perfunctory and prescriptive in nature. The auditing rules require behavioral nature as the mechanisms and tests are considered as much descriptive and more dependent on the auditors judgment. Therefore, the auditors are counted to be sovereign in their appearances and facts. Moreover, a greater descriptive reasoning is required to incorporate for concluding the standard has been met or not. As a result, the auditors should put importance on the review of the audit evidences, however, due care can also be implemented in the procedure of auditing. References Arens, A., Elder, R. and Beasley, M., 2014. Auditing and assurance services-An integrated approach; includes coverage of international standards and global auditing issues, in addition to coverage of.Boston: Aufl. Arens, A.A., 2016.Auditing and Assurance Services: Student Value Edition. Prentice Hall. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Jones, J., 2015.Auditing: The Art and Science of Assurance Engagements. Pearson Canada. Barnard, B., Crous, C., DuPlessis, M., Lambrecht, J., Motholo, V., Penning, G., Rudman, R., Siebrits, J., Stumke, O., Swart, A. and Terblanche, A., 2014. Auditing and Assurance: Graded Questions and Applications.OUP Catalogue. Claessens, S. and Van Horen, N., 2015. The impact of the global financial crisis on banking globalization.IMF Economic Review,63(4), pp.868-918. Cohen, J.R. and Simnett, R., 2014. CSR and assurance services: A research agenda.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.59-74. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Grant, W. and Wilson, G.K., 2013.Consequences of the Global Financial Crisis(p. 287). Oxford University Press. Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.1-11. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Kunz, R., Josset, D., Scholtz, H., Motholo, V., O'Reilly, G., Penning, G. and Rudman, R., 2014. Auditing Assurance: Principles Practice.OUP Catalogue. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Redmayne, N.B., 2013. Auditing and Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia: An Integrated Approach.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change. Simnett, R., Carson, E. and Vanstraelen, A., 2016. International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues, and Opportunities.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(3), pp.1-32. Simnett, R., Zhou, S. and Hoang, H., 2016. Assurance and other credibility enhancing mechanisms for integrated reporting. InIntegrated Reporting(pp. 269-286). Palgrave Macmillan UK. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Top Tips of Writing Response Essay Samples

Top Tips of Writing Response Essay Samples As soon as you have gathered ideas on the subject, you should properly set your thoughts into words. Besides that, your point of view will decide the type of essay you're writing. If you are thinking about how to compose a response essay, you've come to the correct location. The next thing you ought to learn in regards to a crucial response essay is the way you start it. A respondent editorial is among the essay writing models that provides an individual the opportunity to air own views through writing. Consequently, you have to offer your reader a background overview of what the article you're responding to talks about. Therefore, when you finish a response or reaction essay, you will discuss your own personal ideas and feelings on the topic accessible. Response essays don't need to be a sheer statement of view on a particular topic. Knowing the sections of an essay cannot get you quite far though. Before you commence reading our short guide, you ought to read a minumum of one summary response essay example. You may take a look at our Sample College Essays for additional information. Examine the questions and become acquainted with topics you would get on the true exam. A superb prep book can be absolutely the most important study tool you use, and we've got information on all the ideal TOEFL prep books you need to consider. Learn all the ideas you need to understand to be able to ace TOEFL Writing! Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. New Questions About Writing Response Essay Samples With the assistance of such an outline, you are going to be able to view how the paper will look like and will be capable of going from 1 paragraph to another smoothly. Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help steer you in writing a fantastic composition. First off, an introduction is utilised to establish your principal argument about the work analyzed. It usually includes one to three paragraphs. Essay writing can be rather a challenge. School Response it is not a breeze. Writing a response demands an extremely careful preparation. Response essay format is contingent on the topic area you're going to cover. A response paper can be a fairly enjoyable assignment if you understand how to approach one. Research on the topic matter if you discover that it's necessary. Response papers permit you to do something which other assignments don't. Writing response papers, utilize the very first individual. The Writing Response Essay Samples Chronicles The essay ends off with a conclusion that brings together all your statements in a fashion that supports the most important argument. Secondly, you ought to make the readers perceive the way your evidence proves the thesis assertion. The author employs stunning statistics to demonstrate her point. He uses substantial scientific evidence to support her argument and offers a personal opinion to emphasize the fundamental importance of individual choice. For example, you may begin your paper with a brief summary and add your response in a block. A response essay enables a learner to reply to an idea or information in an official way. A review of the work is subsequently supplied in order to provide the reader a feeling of what the text is all about. Within the analysis, your reply to the text also needs to be presented. Regardless of the kind of paper, understanding the necessities of the essay underlies the essential aspect to a fast and effortless management of your script. In conclusion, it would appear that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. The second area of the paper is the point where the true work begins. Writing a reaction paper can be a really challenging job, so many students use examples to find out more about its structure and key capabilities. Vital Pieces of Writing Response Essay Samples It is crucial to organize your essay the suitable way. Creative essays should have a topic. You will learn what a summary response essay is and the way it is possible to write one quickly. Try to remember it is not a narrative essay, rather an essay that's aimed toward analyzing the subject. Paragraph 4 considers several explanations for why river clean-up plans might not be successful (the plans might be nothing more than campaign promises or funding might not be adequate). Usually you'll have specific information regarding the size of the paper, thus a plan is going to be of a good assistance. The statement assumes that everybody in Mason City enjoys some kind of recreational activity, which might not be necessarily accurate. It also assumes that if the state cleans up the river, the use of the river for water sports will definitely increase. Writing a reaction paper may be true challenge, but at exactly the same time that it can help you to increase your analytical abilities and share your opinion with the world! Doing a written homework often starts with understanding what sort of academic paper you will carry out. To start with, knowledge of the English language stipulates a chance to travel to various components of earth and to understand the cultures of many nations. Your language needs to be descriptive, precise, and persuasive for your preferred audience. Lies You've Been Told About Writing Response Essay Samples You have to write down the principal suggestions and highlight the principal points of the paper. By downloading a sample, you are going to learn how to write reaction paper and prevent common mistakes. Don't forget, your view is the thing that dictates a response paper. Thus, the riposte paper gives us the chance to enhance the article through generated personal ideas.

How Can a Research Calculator Help You Learn About World History?

How Can a Research Calculator Help You Learn About World History?One great way to ensure that your research paper on a topic before 1600 world history is both interesting and comprehensive is to use a research calculator. This can help you quickly and easily find the information you need to ensure you have covered all aspects of the topic you are researching.As well as knowing which countries formed the original civilizations in the world, you will want to also know which countries were the first to adopt certain practices or customs for example. Using a research calculator will make this simple to do. Once you have found the right table that suits your needs then you will know what people living in various countries were doing before they developed their own cultures.A research calculator is not always necessary though. When you are using a research calculator, it will help you check how many different items you have to input before you can see the results. You can save time and mon ey by not having to do as much work yourself.If you want to know what was happening in each country around the time when the world began then you will need to learn about the areas of the world that had become independent. Using a research calculator will give you the information you need in order to make an informed decision about where to go next. It will help you think about what would have happened if certain events did not occur as they did in each country in those days.Also, learning about world history can help you explore what may have happened in countries that you do not live in now. World history is popular with many people, so it is not surprising that there are many resources available for studying world history. Using a research calculator to help you learn about world history is a simple way to explore what happened in different countries in the past.The methods used in world history will have similarities. However, while some techniques will be similar there will be differences between different countries and different eras. Learning about world history will not only make you aware of these differences but it will help you learn more about the world in general.Reading about world history will give you an insight into life in those times. It can help you to understand why things were done differently. Learning about world history is an important skill that should be used when studying different aspects of the world.Using a research calculator can help you understand the problems that may arise if you do not have enough knowledge about world history. There are plenty of resources available to help you with world history so make sure you get hold of them and start exploring the different areas of the world.

How To Choose The Right Short Research Paper On Operating System Topics

How To Choose The Right Short Research Paper On Operating System TopicsKnowing the different types of operating systems available to students is extremely helpful when it comes to writing a short research paper on operating system topics. This type of paper helps the student to understand how various types of operating systems work and what it is like to use them.A short research paper on operating system topics that an individual can write can include three different types of information that one can look at. The first would be the type of operating system that they are currently using. They can also look at how much time they have spent with it and if they are satisfied with it.The next type of information they could look at would be the capability that the particular type of operating system has to run various programs. They could also learn about some of the other systems that they have used in the past. They could learn about where the software comes from, where the different pr ogramming languages come from and what kind of support is available for the operating system.Finally, the final type of information that they should look at is whether or not they are satisfied with the information provided in the paper. The student should know that they will be required to provide some sort of evaluation of the operating system as well as provide some sort of feedback about the paper. The student should consider whether or not they want to participate in the evaluation process.This short research paper on operating system topics could be as simple as a brief summary of the types of operating systems that they have already used and some sort of summary of the type of operating system that they need to use to be able to provide the best paper possible. If there are too many things that the student needs to write about, they should look into finding a tutor or doing the work on their own.It is possible to find information online about what types of short research pape rs a student should write on. However, it is recommended that they get a tutor to help them make sure that they have all of the information that they need to write a good short research paper on operating system topics. The tutor can help to ensure that they have the type of information that is needed and will help to ensure that they are not submitting an incomplete paper.Most people tend to forget that it is only their needs that they should be writing about in a research paper. Students need to make sure that they consider the needs of the different people that they will be writing for when it comes to the different types of operating systems available to them.

Using a Sample Essay About Innovation

Using a Sample Essay About InnovationSample essays on innovation are an excellent way to help you write a powerful and useful essay. When you take the time to write a sample essay, you can start to see what the essay will look like before you begin writing it. The actual writing process can be made more effective by the use of the sample essay. There are a number of different ways that you can use a sample essay to guide your own writing.Using a sample essay is also a good way to keep your essay focused. You don't want to try to incorporate too many ideas into your essay that is too broad. On the other hand, you don't want to have a bunch of ideas for every sentence because you don't want your essay to feel too unorganized. Instead, you want to keep the focus on one particular aspect of innovation. In this way, your essay will be easier to follow and will have a better flow.Writing an essay is much more difficult when you try to cover more than one topic at a time. This is why using a sample essay is a very helpful tool. You can use it as a jumping off point to get your thoughts in order. This will make it much easier to begin writing a few paragraphs at a time instead of going straight to the part where you explain something.If you want to write your own essay, then you might consider using a sample essay as a guide. You can use it as a way to brainstorm what you want to say about innovation. You might find that a specific aspect of innovation does not show up in the sample essay, but that is okay because you will still be able to use it to shape your own essay.You should always remember that while a sample essay may seem like an excellent idea for a guide, you should not use it as the basis for your essay. You should always start with your own ideas and build upon them to form your own essay. A sample essay can give you a lot of ideas about what to include, but you should always start with your own original thoughts.A sample essay can also be a great way to s tart writing your own essay. After you've done a bit of research, you might be able to use the information to write a good essay. You might be surprised at how many interesting things you can uncover just by doing some research. This can be a great thing to use as a starting point for your own essay.As you get closer to writing your essay, you might find that you have some problems that need to be worked out. This is especially true if you are unsure of how to proceed. Taking a look at a sample essay can be a great way to get some ideas.It is always important to think carefully about the kind of essay you are trying to write. Some people do not know where to begin when they want to write a good essay. Taking the time to read a sample essay is a great way to get some ideas. This will give you the knowledge you need to start writing the perfect essay.

The idea of Happiness

The question on what makes people happy has perennially escaped many thinkers, be they scholars, psychologists or therapists. Humanity is yet to master what exactly makes people happy as the indexes used to measure happiness have shown that even in places where people are expected to be happy, they are not as happy as they are expected.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The idea of Happiness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, if wealth equates to happiness or it has a direct link to the level of happiness, then it would mean that the wealthiest nations in the world would be ranked as the happiest nations. However, this is not the case as America, despite its massive wealth compared to other nations of the world, ranks a distant twenty third in the happiness index (Breakthrough Para 14). Therefore, this shows that wealth is not the source of happiness. The concept of happiness is surrounded by a number o f fallacies, paramount being the misconception that material possession is a source of happiness. In most parts of the world, people express that they would be happier if they acquired more material wealth. For instance, people may assert that getting a better and even bigger house, live in a bigger and posh estate or drive an expensive car can be a source of happiness. However, Mathews and Izquierdo, (112), note that in most cases, this fallacies are the main sources of people’s unhappiness as they end up creating for themselves too much ambition that makes them be unable to reach the ideal happiness. Going by Mathews and Izquierdo’s argument, people should be contented with whatever they have as opposed to spending too much time on agonizing on what they don’t have. They further point out that people should focus more on what they have as opposed to what they would wish to have as this only adds pain to their aspirations. After years of working as a journalist , Weiner sets out to explore the idea of happiness by conducting interviews with people of those areas that have recorded the highest levels of happiness as well as those people who have recorded the lowest levels of happiness. This journey made him do many things in the quest to ensure that he establishes the real idea of happiness. In his book, Weiner (64) establishes that for one to be happy, the element of trust even to a government has a lot of emphasis on whether a person will be happy or unhappy. For instance, the book establishes that in Bhutan where the leadership has deliberately pursued a policy of happiness for all citizens, the people report to be happy as they trust their king. This shows that the trust that the people of Bhutan have in their leadership reduces their worries hence making them be happy. Therefore, according to Weiner (44), trust in the leadership is an excellent way of making people happy.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we c an help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, critically thinking, this can be a fallacy as one cannot lay total trust on the leadership if the leadership has no capacity to meet the needs of an individual. For instance, if the government power was to be explored in relation of its influence on the capacity to influence the level of happiness, then it would be evident that Americans would be happier than many other people of the world. This is because the leadership of the United States of America remains the strongest in terms of military might as well as financial resources. Therefore, Americans can trust their government for security and provision of all basic necessities. However, do the Americans lay trust in their government? Would laying this trust to the government result to happier Americans? Perhaps, one can say that trusting in the leadership may make the residents of Bhutan happy, but this does not directly mean that all people must lay thei r trust in the leadership to be happy. Bearing in mind that the United States of America has one of the best democratic practices, people have trust in their elected leaders, but they are still the 23rd happiest people of the world. Although Weiner (68) shows that trusting the leadership is a source of happiness by contrasting Bhutan with the people of Medova, one can still argue that so long as the leadership provides the required security, be it physical or social, the concept of happiness cannot be said to be directly linked to the trust in the existing leadership. For instance, Weiner fails to acknowledge that the leadership of Bhutan has made it deliberately known that it pursues the concept of happiness to its people. Therefore, people have trust that the leadership has its plight in its day to day policy formulation and thus they feel happy that the leadership is concerned about them. However, this may necessarily not be the case as the citizens of Bhutan who ranks among the happiest people of the world may be ignoring their own predicaments in the trust that the leadership wishes are geared towards their good. Going through Weiner’s works, one can see that the concept of happiness has many misconceptions. There is the misconception that doing whatever one wants is the path to happiness. In this quest, Weiner engages in many activities that he views as sources of happiness. For instance, Weiner (64), ends up eating rotten Iceland sharks as this, he reasons, could be a source of happiness. In another instance, he insists that an insect that he found in distress must be saved as, according to him, this is a duty that can earn him happiness. This can be said to be a fallacy associated with the myth that doing whatever one wants can lead to happiness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The idea of Happiness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, critically thinking, does consumin g something that can even lead to sickness a source of happiness? Even after doing all this, one can deduce that Weiner never mastered the source of happiness since if he managed to establish the source, then the geography in search of bliss would have come to an end. This is an indication that people are yet to master what is the source of happiness. In another incident Weiner visits Switzerland, a country that ranks high in the happiness index. Paradoxically, Weiner (80) learns that there are many hidden virtues of boredom only that people may not express them directly. This is an indication that even people who report to be happy are not entirely happy as there are many issues that may make them unhappy. Westerners who live in better economically endowed nations were seen to seek happiness form the gurus of India an indication that although people want to be happy, they are yet to master the sources of happiness. For instance, personally speaking, I would be happier if a graduate with straight A’s in all courses, but does this guarantee me a better job than the other average student? Even after this achievement, I would need to get more aspirations which show that I will still be far from getting happiness. Another great fallacy that is evident in Weiner’s pursuit of bliss is that people who live in countries with the highest ranking of happiness are more secular as compared to residents of the less happy countries. However, despite their reporting of higher rates of self contentment, the rates of suicide in such countries are higher than for those who live in countries that record lower levels of happiness. It is expected that if people were happy, problems such as suicide would go down as opposed to going up. Thus, the book contains a major fallacy in proposing the idea that less religious countries have happier citizens as this fact is directly contradicted by the increased rates of suicide in such countries. There is the misconception that rebelling against religion is a source of happiness. If this was indeed true, less religious nations would not only post higher figures of happiness based on happiness indexes, but would also have less incidences of suicide or life frustrations. In conclusion, one can note that the whole concept of happiness can be said to be a fallacy. As posted in the blog â€Å"Breakthrough writer† abundance cannot be the source of happiness. The more people have their desires fulfilled, the more they want to experience more desires which force the brain to require further stimulation to experience happiness.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is what has been referred to as â€Å"hedonic treadmill† which is an indication that true happiness cannot be achieved. Wealth and other material passions are sources of more mysteries as opposed to being sources of happiness (Breakthrough writer Para 22). Throughout Weiner’s work, one learns that happiness is all about self conceptualization, the way people view themselves. The people of Switzerland view themselves happy because their land is a tourist destination; the people of Bhutan consider themselves happy because they have trust in their leadership while the people of Medova are unhappy as they compare themselves to the richer nations, not the poorer ones. Works Cited Breakthrough Writer. â€Å"All Geography of Bliss Lessons on One Page.† NP. 2011. Web. https://herculodge.typepad.com/breakthrough_writer/geography-of-bliss-lessons/ Mathews, Gordon and Izquierdo ,Carolina. Pursuits of happiness: well-being in anthropological perspective. New York: Berg hahn Books, 2009. Print. Weiner, Eric. The geography of bliss: one grump’s search for the happiest places in the world. New York: Twelve Hachette Book Group, 2008. Print. This essay on The idea of Happiness was written and submitted by user S1m0ne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Look at Shakespeares 154 Sonnets

A Look at Shakespeare's 154 Sonnets Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, which were collected and published posthumously in 1609. Many critics segment the sonnets into three groups: The Fair Youth Sonnets (Sonnets 1 – 126)The first group of sonnets are addressed to a young man with whom the poet has a deep friendship.The Dark Lady Sonnets (Sonnets 127 – 152)In the second sequence, the poet becomes infatuated with a mysterious woman. Her relationship with the young man is unclear.The Greek Sonnets (Sonnets 153 and 154)The final two sonnets are very different and draw upon the Roman myth of Cupid, to whom the poet has already compared his muses. Other Groupings Other scholars lump the Greek Sonnets with the Dark Lady Sonnets  and call out a different cluster (Nos. 78 to 86) as the Rival Poet Sonnets. This approach treats the subjects of the sonnets as characters  and invites ongoing questions among scholars about the degree to which the sonnets may or may not have been autobiographical. Controversies Although its generally accepted that Shakespeare wrote the sonnets, historians question certain aspects of how the sonnets came to print. In 1609, Thomas Thorpe published  Shakes-Peares Sonnets; the book, however, contains a dedication by T.T. (presumably Thorpe) that confounds scholars as to the identity of whom the book was dedicated, and whether the Mr. W.H. in the dedication may be the muse for the Fair Youth Sonnets. The dedication in Thorpes book, if it had been written by the publisher, may imply that Shakespeare himself did not authorize their publication. If this theory is true, its possible that the 154 sonnets we know today dont constitute the totality of Shakespeares work.